To investigate the population genetics of Conus textile, we sequenced the COI mtDNA gene of 45 individuals from four different localities of the Southern Central Coast of Vietnam (Ly Son, Cu Lao Cham, Song Cau and Van Phong). C. textile populations exhibited high genetic variation with 23 haplotypesdiscovered. The common haplotype found occurring in three populations, was not observed at Cu Lao Cham.The sequence differences vary from 0.2 – 1% and 0.5 – 4.8% within and between populations. Ly Son and Cu Lao Cham populations have genetically separated on the phylogram. Meanwhile the haplotypes of Van Phong and Song Cau populations have been mixed. As only a low level of gene flow observed, populations of C. textile at Southern Central Vietnam are suggested to be recently derived.