The Gobiidae is one of the largest fish families in the world, with more than 1700 described species in both tropical and temperate freshwater as well as marine ecosystems. The large number of species, small size and high variation of morphology makes the precise identification and classification of gobies very difficult.

Based on morphological characteristics, this study described 7 freshwater and brackish goby species of 6 genera. Mitochondrial 16S rRNA and COI gene sequences (of whom?) were used to examine phylogenetic relationships between species. The phylogram showed the monophyly of current studied genera with references from GenBank. This is just a preliminary survey and determination of the composition of gobies in Vietnam that serves as basis information for the management of fisheries resources.